Afghan Geopolitical Chessboard: The Interplay of Interest Groups and Persistent Instability

Abstract

Afghanistan has historically been under the attention of the superpower and the corrupt. Afghanistan has long been at the center of geopolitical rivalries, with external interventions exacerbating its socio-political instability). Therefore, the continuous interventions of nations and the competition of the major trans-regional and global powers have caused the crisis in Afghanistan. We assess how foreign interests and external interventions contribute to Afghanistan's instability through a historical and analytical approach. This study employs a historical and analytical approach to examine the impact of global and regional power dynamics on Afghanistan's persistent crises. The research findings show that there are many factors contributing to the country's crisis and instability: Global regional and trans-regional factors are at the root; the country has experienced prolonged periods of civil war; ethnic and tribal division; and playing in the hands of external factors, weak government, etc. are major factors that need to be considered.