Capacity Development in Chinese Education System
A Case Study of Chinese Teachers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54418/ca-86.73Keywords:
Education, China’s Education System, Teachers Training, Capacity buildingAbstract
China is the world most populous state with a population over 1.3 billion, overlaying about 9.6 million kilometers. China has the largest educational system throughout world with almost 260 million college students and over 15 million teachers in about 514 000 schools. In current years, the Ministry of Education has shifted from direct manipulate to macro level. It steers education reform through legal guidelines, plans, finances allocation, information offerings, and coverage steering and administrative method. In this regard, teachers are the most crucial and useful means in schools that make an essential effect on improvement of the whole society. Without enough and qualified instructors, it is difficult to attain educational targets. Teachers’ education mainly focused to develop four elements: enhancing the general academic education of instructors, increasing their knowledge about the subjects they are going to educate, knowledge about children in schools and the improvement of practical competencies. Thus the current study is fundamentally focusing on reforms introduced by the Chinese government which, undoubtedly, directly contributing to the quality of education system in China. Moreover, the understanding of reforms in China’s education system will be a thought provoking for other countries which are endeavoring to build their education system on sound lines.
References
Chen, Y., & Zhu, Y. Teacher Education Research. East China Normal University Press. (China: MOE, Development and Planning Department, 2011). See also Analytical Report on the Development of National Education Enterprise. April 2011(Internal circulation, 2003).
China MOE. Outline of National Mid- and Long-term Educational Reform and Development (2010-2020). China: People’s Education Press, 2010.
Defeng, Li. Modernization and teacher education in China. Teaching and Teacher Education, 15(2), 1999
Department of Teacher Education of State Education Commission Teacher training and professional development in China. Beijing: State Education Commission, 1995.
Gao, D. (Ed.) Research and Practice in the Curriculum of Normal Universities and Colleges. Tianjin People’s Press, 2000.
Gopinathan, S., Tan, S., Fang, Y.P., Ponnusamy, L. D, Ramos, C., & Chao, E.. Transforming Teacher Education: Redefining Professionals for 21st Century Schools. Singapore: National Institute of Education, 2008.
Ji, X. Teacher education: Past and present: China educational sciences. Beijing: The Central Institute of Educational Research, 1986.
Ma, S. Teacher management. In B. Zhang (Ed.). Chinese education almanac 1995. Beijing: People’s Education Press, 1995.
Ministry of Education. Training Requirements for Primary and Secondary School Principals, 2012. Retrieved from www.gov.cn/fwxx/bw/jyb/content_2267061.htm, accessed 9th November, 2016.
OECD. Education in China: A Snapshot, (Organization and management of Education in China, 2016). Retrieved from https: www. Oecd.orgchinaEdu-in-China-a-snapshot. Pdf, accessed August, 2018).
Paine, L.W., & Fang, Y.P. Reform as hybrid model of teaching and teacher development in China. International Journal for Education Research, 45(4-5), 2006.
Paine, L.W., Fang, Y.P., & Wilson, S. Entering a culture of teaching: Teacher induction in Shanghai. In E. Britton, L. Paine, D. Pimm, & S. Raizen, Comprehensive teacher induction: Systems for early career learning. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003.
Sargent, T., & Hannum, E. Doing More with Less: Teacher Professional Learning Communities in Resource-Constrained Primary Schools in Rural China. 2009. Retrieved from at http://repository.upenn.edu/gansu papers/14. (October, 2011).
Shen, A. Teacher Education and National Development in China. Journal of Education, 176(2), 1994
Shi, X., & Englert, P.A.J. Reform of Teacher Education in China, Journal of Education for Teaching, 34(4), 2008.
Sun, Y., & Zhao, M. Teacher professional development schools: Exploration, experience and learning. Research in Teacher Education, 1, 2004.
Wang, J. Teacher education in China: Current situation, issues and future trends. In Zhou N.Z (Ed.), Teacher education reform and teacher professional development: International vision and local practice. China: East China Normal University Press, 2007b.
Xu, Y. School-based teacher development through a school-university collaborative project: a case study of a recent initiative in China. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 41(1), 2009.
Yiming, Z. and Yan Ping, F. Characterizing reform and change of teacher education in China in the new era. Journal of Research, Policy & Practice of Teachers & Teacher Education, 1(1), 2011.
Zhang, J. Teacher preparation in China. In J. Lane (Ed.), Ferment in education: A look abroad. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995.